Mola Ali
Ali ibn Abi Talib (Arabic: عَلِيُّ بْن أَبِي طَالِب, romanized: ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib) (c. 600 – 661 CE) was the fourth Rashidun caliph who ruled from 656 CE until his assassination in 661, as well as the first Shia Imam. He was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Born to Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Fatima bint Asad, Ali was raised in the household of his cousin Muhammad and was among the first to accept his teachings.
Birth and early life
Ali was born in Mecca to Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib and his wife Fatima bint Asad around 600 CE.[2] His date of birth is possibly 13 Rajab,[3][4] which is the occasion celebrated annually by Shia Muslims.[5] Ali may have been the only person born inside the Ka’ba,[4][3][2] the holiest site of Islam, which is located in Mecca. Ali’s father was a leading member of the Banu Hashim, a clan within the Meccan tribe of Quraysh.[3] Abu Talib also raised his nephew Muhammad after his parents died. Later, when Abu Talib fell into poverty, Ali was taken in at the age of about five and raised by Muhammad and his wife Khadija
Companionship of Muhammad
When tipped off about an assassination plot in 622, Muhammad escaped to Yathrib, now known as Medina, but Ali stayed behind as his decoy.] That Ali risked his life for Muhammad is said to be the reason for the revelation of the Quranic passage, “But there is also a kind of man who gives his life away to please God.” This emigration marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar (AH). Ali also escaped Mecca after returning the goods that had been entrusted to Muhammad there.
Ghadir Khumm
On his return trip from the Hajj pilgrimage in 632, Muhammad halted the large caravan of pilgrims at the Ghadir Khumm and addressed them after the congregational prayer.[40] After the prayer,[41] Muhammad delivered a sermon to a large number of Muslims in which he emphasized the importance of the Quran and his ahl al-bayt (lit. ‘people of the house‘, his family). Taking Ali by the hand, Muhammad then asked if he was not awla (lit. ‘have more authority over‘ or ‘closer to‘) the believers than themselves, this is evidently a reference to verse 33:6 of the Quran. When they affirmed,“He whose mawla I am, Ali is his mawla.”[49][45] Musnad Ibn Hanbal, a canonical Sunni source, adds that Muhammad repeated this statement three or four more times and that Umar congratulated Ali after the sermon, “You have now become the mawla of every faithful man and woman.” Muhammad had earlier alerted Muslims about his impending death. Shia sources describe the event in greater detail, linking the announcement to verses 5:3 and 5:67 of the Quran.